Manasik al-Hajj
Ayatullah ul-Uzma Khamenei
Chapter one: Miqats
They are the sites determined for doing ihram, they are the
following:
First: Masjid al-Shajarah.
It is located in the region of Dhi'l-halifah near Medina al-munawwarh
and it is the Miqat of the people of Madinah and those who want
to go to Hajj through it (Medina).
-
It is not permissible to delay ihram from masjid al-Shajarah
to Juhfah unless there is a necessity like illness, weakness or
other excuses.
-
It is invalid to do ihram from outside masjid al-Shajarah.
However, it is valid to do it from all parts of the masjid even
those new parts.
-
A woman with an excuse (e.g. during her periods) must do
ihram at the time when she crosses the masjid, if the crossing
would not entail staying in it. If staying is necessary (due to
crowding or something else) and she could not delay the ihram
till the excuse is over, she must do ihram from Juhfah or one of
the parallels. She is also allowed to do ihram by nadhr from any
other place before the Miqat.
-
If the husband is absent, it is not a condition to obtain
his permission for the achievement of the nadhr of his wife for
her ihram before the Miqat. But if he is present, it is based on
ihtiyat al-wajib to obtain his permission; otherwise her nadhr
will be invalid.
Second: Wadi al-`aqiq,
which is the Miqat of Iraqi and Najd
people and those who want to pass these places for `Umrah which
has three portions: Maslakh, its first portion; Ghamrah, the
middle; and Dhatu`irq, the last portion. Ihram at any of these
portions is valid.
Third: Juhfah.
It is the Miqat of the people of Syria and the
surrounding, Egypt, Maghrib and those want to pass them for `Umrah.
Ihram is valid either from the masjid or other places there.
Forth: Yalamlam,
which is the Miqat of the people of Yaman and
those who pass it. It is a name of a mountain. Ihram is valid
from any site in it.
Fifth: Qarn al-Manazil,
which is the Miqat of the people of Ta'if
and those who pass it for `Umrah. Ihram is valid either from the
masjid or from other places there.
The places parallel to the previous Miqats: If one did not pass
from one of the previous Miqats but reached a place just
parallel to one of them, he could do ihram from there. Parallel
means to reach a point, on his way to Mecca, in which the miqat
lies to the right or the left of him in such a way that if he
went forward, the Miqat will be inclined behind him.
The mentioned Miqats are those from which one should do ihram
for `Umrat al-tamattu`, while the Miqats of Hijjat al-tamattu`,
qiran and ifrad are:
First: Mecca,
which is the Miqat of Hijjat al-tamattu`.
Second: The mukallaf's house,
which is the Miqat of those who
live nearer to Mecca from the mentioned Miqats, which is also
the Miqat for People of Mecca, so they are not obliged to return
back to one of the mentioned Miqats for doing ihram. And here
are some issues:
-
If one could not locate the Miqat or its parallel, it could
be located by legal evidence i.e. by the testimony of two just
witnesses or the publicity which ensures confidence, and it is
not wajib to investigate it. If all evidences are lost, it is
enough to suffice with the suspicion obtained from the saying of
anyone who knows the region.
-
Doing ihram before Miqat is invalid, unless one did a nadhr
for ihram before the Miqat in a certain place e.g. Madinah or
his country. Then he is obliged to do ihram from there and it is
valid.
-
If one, ignorantly or due to an excuse, had passed the Miqat
without ihram, then if he could return to the Miqat, he would be
obliged to return and do ihram from it, no matter whether he was
inside or outside the Haram. While if he could not and he was
inside the Haram, then if he could get out of it, he would be
obliged to do that and it is, based on ihtiyat al-wajib to go as
near as possible to the Miqat and do ihram from there. If one
could not get out due to shortage of time or other causes, he
should do ihram inside the Haram from the point at which he
becomes free of his excuse.
-
In normal conditions it is not permissible to delay ihram
beyond the Miqat whether there was another Miqat beyond or not.
-
One who has been prevented from doing ihram from one of the
Miqats would be allowed to do it in another one.
-
One who, deliberately and purposely, did not do ihram from
the Miqat and could not return due to time limitations or
another excuse and there is no other Miqat beyond until time
becomes short to do it, he would miss the `Umrah and his Hajj
would be void, and he is obliged to repeat the Hajj the next
year, if the Hajj was settled on him or he was mustati`.
-
Jaddah is neither a Miqat nor a parallel region. Thus, doing
ihram for `Umrat al-tamattu` in it, in normal conditions, is
incorrect and one must go to any Miqat to do ihram, as long as
he could. Otherwise, based on ihtiyat, he should do ihram by
nadhr in Jaddah itself.
-
If a muhrim, after passing the Miqat, became aware that his
ihram was incorrect, if, then, he could return to it, he is
obliged to. While if he could not do so but by passing through
Mecca al-mukarramah, he must do ihram from adna'l-hill and enter
Mecca for `Umrah al-mufradah. Then, after performing it he
should return back to one of the Miqats to do ihram for `Umrat
al-tamattu`
-
Apparently it is allowed for someone who is confident that
he will not miss the Hajj to get out of Mecca after he becomes
freed of ihram of `Umrat al-tamattu`, although, based on ihtiyat
al-mustahabb, it is better not to get out but for urgency and
need. Again, it is based on ihtiyat to do ihram for Hajj in
Mecca before getting out unless it would cause extraordinary
hardship for him. One who wants to apply this ihtiyat and who is
compelled to get out of Mecca one or more times, e.g. the
workers of caravans and the likes, he can perform `Umrah al-mufradah
first to enter Mecca and delay `Umrat al-tamattu` until the time
he could perform it just before Hajj practices. At that time he
would do ihram for `Umrat al-tamattu` from the Miqat and after
finishing it he would do ihram for Hajj in Mecca.
-
What is meant by getting out of Mecca between `Umrat al-tamattu`
and Hajj is to get out of the contemporary Mecca al-mukarramah.
Thus to go to a place which is now regarded inside Mecca is not
considered as getting out, even if it was outside before.
-
It is based on ihtiyat al-wajib not to perform `Umrah al-mufradah
between `Umrat al-tamattu` and Hajj, although performing it will
not harm either the validity of one's previous `Umrah or that of Hajj.
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