It has been mentioned that Hajj has three types, Hajj al-tamattu` (which is the duty of those whose home is 16 farsakhs (nearly 90 km) far from Mecca and both Hajj al-qiran and Hajj al-ifrad which are the duty of those who live in Mecca or outside it within a distance lesser than that mentioned. Hajj al-tamattu` differs from the other two in being a single worship composed of one `Umrah and one Hijjah, in which `Umrah is performed first, followed by a separating period during which the person takes off his ihram and is allowed to do some acts which are prohibited for the muhrim (the person who is in a state of ihram). This is before putting on ihram again for Hajj. For this reason, it is called Hajj al-tamattu`. So `Umrah is a part of Hajj al-tamattu` and called `Umrat al-tamattu` and the Hijjah is the second part and both must be performed in the same year. This is different from Hajj al-qiran or Hajj al-ifrad because each worship consists of a Hijjah only while `Umrah is a separate worship called `Umrah al-mufradah. Thus, `Umrah al-mufradah could be performed in one year and Hajj al-ifrad or al-qiran in another year. Both types of `Umrah have common rules which will be mentioned showing the differences between them before explaining the general method of each type of Hajj and its `Umrah.

Here are some issues:

68. `Umrah like Hajj is wajib sometimes and is mustahabb other times.
    
69. In Islamic law, `Umrah like Hajj, is wajib on the mustati` only once during his lifetime and istita`ah for it is just like that in Hajj. It also becomes directly wajib, like Hajj, and it is not a condition for its obligation to have istita`ah for Hajj as well, but istita`ah for it is sufficient. The reverse is also true i.e. if one becomes mustati` for Hajj only, it becomes wajib sparing `Umrah. That is the case for those whose home is in Mecca or lesser than 16 farsakhs away from it, while those living further than that and whose duty is Hajj al-tamattu`, their istita`ah should include Hajj and `Umrah because both should be performed in the same year.
    
70. The mukallaf is not allowed to enter Mecca al-mukarramah without ihram. So one who wants to enter it outside the time of Hajj, he is obliged to do ihram for `Umrah al-mufradah. Two situations should be excluded:
    a. One whose work requires frequenting Mecca
    b. One who gets out of Mecca, after he had completed the practices of Hajj al-tamattu` or `Umrah al-mufradah, is allowed to return back without ihram before the month of his previous ihram for `Umrah is lapsed.
    
71. Like Hajj, it is mustahabb to repeat `Umrah and it is not a condition to separate them by a certain period, although, based on ihtiyat, a one month delay in between is better if both `Umrahs were for himself. If they were on behalf of two persons or one was for him and the other was not, separation would not be important. Thus, if the second `Umrah is for niyabah, the na'ib is allowed to take the wage for it and is valid in the place of the wajib `Umrah al-mufradah.
    

The method of Hajj al-tamattu` and its `Umrah
Hajj al-tamattu` is composed of two parts, the `Umrah (which advances the Hajj) and the Hajj. For each there are special practices.

Practices of `Umrat al-tamattu`
1- Ihram: from one of the miqats
2- Tawaf around the Ka`bah
3- Salat al-tawaf
4- Sa`y between Safa and Marwah
5- Taqsir

Practices of Hajj al-tamattu`
1- Ihram from Mecca al-mukarramah
2- Wuquf at Arafat from noon to maghrib on the 9th of Dhu'l-hijjah.
3- Wuquf at Mash`ar al-haram on the night before the 10th of Dhu'l-hijjah (from maghrib of the 9th to sunrise of the 10th).
4- Ramy at jamrat al-`Aqabah on the day of `Eid al-ad-ha (10th of Dhu'l-hijjah).
5- Hady
6- Halq or taqsir
7- Mabit (passing the night) at Mina on the night before the 11th day.
8- Ramy of the three jamarat on the 11th day.
9- Mabit at Mina at the night before the 12th day.
10- Ramy of the three jamarat on the 12th day.
11- Tawaf al-Hajj.
12- Salat al-tawaf
13- Sa`y
14- Tawaf al-nisa'
15- Salat al-tawaf

Hajj al-ifrad and `Umrah al-mufradah
The mentioned of Hajj al-ifrad is the same as Hajj al-tamattu` except that the hady in Hajj al-tamattu` is wajib while it is mustahabb in Hajj al-ifrad. `Umrah al-mufradah is like `Umrat al-tamattu` except in the following:

72. Taqsir is wajib in `Umrat al-tamattu` while in `Umrah al-mufradah one has a choice in doing taqsir or halq i.e. for men. Women, in general, are obliged to do taqsir.
    
73. Tawaf al-nisa' and its salat are not wajib in `Umrat al-tamattu`, although, based on ihtiyat, it is better to do them with the intention of attaining prosperity while they are wajib in `Umrah al-mufradah.
    
74. `Umrat al-tamattu` could not be done but in the months of Hajj (i.e. Shawwal, Dhu'l-qi`dah and Dhu'l-hijjah), while `Umrah al-mufradah could be done in all months.
    
75. In `Umrat al-tamattu` it is wajib to do ihram in one of the miqats (that will be mentioned), while the miqat of `Umrah al-mufradah is adnal-hill (the boundaries of the Haram of Mecca), although there is no problem to do ihram for it from one of the miqats.
    

Hajj al-qiran

It is like Hajj al-ifrad in its method but in Hajj al-qiran the pilgrim is obliged to slaughter his hady (animal for sacrifice) since he is obliged to take it with him at the time of ihram.
Also, ihram in Hajj al-qiran could be achieved by ish`ar and taqlid in addition to talbiyah, while in Hajj al-ifrad it is achieved by talbiyah only.

General rules of Hajj al-tamattu`

Something is considered as conditions in Hajj al-tamattu`:
First: Niyyah, which is the intention of performing a particular type of Hajj at the time of doing ihram for `Umrah; otherwise it would not become correct.
Second: The sum of the time of one's `Umrah and Hajj must fall during the month of Hajj.
Third: Both Hajj and `Umrah should be performed in the same year.
Fourth: Both Hajj and `Umrah should be performed by one person and on behalf of one person. So if two persons are hired to perform Hajj al-tamattu` on behalf of a dead person in such a way that one of them is for `Umrah and the other for Hajj, it would not be valid.

76. In normal conditions, one whose duty is Hajj al-tamattu` is not allowed to shift from it to Hajj al-ifrad or al-qiran.
    
77. One whose duty was Hajj al-tamattu` who becomes aware that there is no time to complete `Umrah and perform the Hajj in its time, whether before or after engaging in `Umrah, is obliged to shift from Hajj al-tamattu` to Hajj al-ifrad then perform `Umrah al-mufradah after completing its practices.