Glimpses of
the Life of Grand Ayatullah Bahjat
Grand Ayatullah Muhammad
Taqi Bahjat Fomani was born in late 1334 A.H. to a God-fearing family well
known for its piety in the conservative city of Foman in the Gailan
governorate. He was not yet sixteen months old when fate claimed his mother so
he would taste the bitterness of being an orphan while still a suckling baby.
There is an interesting incident to narrate about why Ayatullah Bahjat was
named "Muhammad Taqi" which was narrated by one of those close to
him, and I think that narrating it here is not without a nicety:
The father of Sheikh Bahjat passed away while his son was
16 – 17 of age after falling sick to an epidemic. He became bed-ridden, and his
condition of his health deteriorated to the extent that his family lost hope
for his recovery from the disease. The father of the sheikh narrates that he
heard in this state a call as if it was saying, "Leave him! You have
nothing to do with him. He is father of Muhammad Taqi".
Then he lost consciousness as he was in that state, so
much so that his mother thought he died. But after a short while, the father of
the sheikh woke up and stood up and after that recovered his health fully.
After the passage of a few years, the sheikh's father
decided to get married after having completely forgotten the incident of his
falling sick and the call which he then heard. When he was blessed with his first
son, he called him "Mehdi" after his own father (grandfather of
Sheikh Bahjat). After that he was blessed with a daughter then with a son whom
he named "Muhammad Husayn". He did not remember this incident except
after he had been blessed with his fourth son; so, he decided to call him
"Muhammad Taqi". But this son fell in a water pool and drowned. The
father of the sheikh again named his fifth son with whom Allah blessed him with
this same name, "Muhammad Taqi", which later became Grand Ayatullah
Bahjat.
Mahmoud Bahjat al-Karbalaai, father of Sheikh Bahjat, was
one of the most highly respected of Foman's men. He always looked after the
affairs of its people, providing for them all sorts of services such as
endorsing their marriage contracts and transactions. He had a high poetic and
literary taste, composing poems of praise and eulogy for Ahl al-Bayt, peace be
with them, especially Imam al-Husayn. In this field, he has to his credit many
elegies which remain recited by orators and lauders for more than half a
century. Below is a munajat (address) in honor of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be
with them, which he had originally written in Persian:
Lord! By the Seal of the Messengers,
The Light of the Great Lord, His
Honored Messenger,
By his broken molar teeth and wounded
lips,
And by what he offered for the Qur'an,
By the signs of the chest of the
oppressed al-Zahra,
By the tears of the eyes of the
Prophet's daughter,
By her broken rib that was crushed
behind the door,
By her child, Muhsin, the infallible
one,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
By the chosen one, the oppressed Imam,
By his heart and insides that were
poisoned,
Do not deprive us of Your mercy, O
Lord,
Do not burn us with the fire of Your
might and ire,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
By the ailing one, al-Sajjad, the best
of those who adore,
By the tears of that ailing one,
By that neck that was chained by the
evildoers,
By what he had suffered in the Karbala
tragedy,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
By the knowledge of al-Baqir, that
divine light
For whom the Chosen One had testified:
Darkness is lit by the light of his
knowledge,
His knowledge and clemency personify
the meaning of the Qur'an,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
By Ja'far al-Sadiq who was the symbol
of righteousness,
The one who increased Islam in power
and greatness,
Opening the gates of knowledge and
good deeds to all beings,
And struggled in disseminating
knowledge, the creed and the conviction,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
Lord! By the sanctity of Musa ibn
Ja'far,
By the status of that purified light,
By his deprivation and oppression in
the purified progeny,
By the right of his munajat and
ibtihal,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
Lord! By Your clear light,
And by Your honored servant,
By his mouth full of poison and heart
full of grief,
By the ladies of the ruler of
Khurasan,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
I am a slave of al-Taqi, the pious
one,
One of those who love that Imam among
the people,
Aimlessly roaming because of the
fragrance of the drink of his love,
So, by the right of that slain,
poisoned, Imam,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
By the greatness of al-Naqi, that Imam
of the creed,
Who was grieved by the oppression of
the foes,
The apple of the eyes of Taha and
Ya-Sin,
The oppressed, the grieved, Imam,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
Lord! By the right of the master of
Askar,
The seeing eye of the Messenger,
By the Imam who was killed by
al-Mu'tamid's pison,
And by his pure and purified soul,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
By the ladies of the Seal of wasis,
The one in charge, the light of the
eye and of the creed,
The fair Imam, the victorious ruler,
And by his dear soul and honorable
self,
Do forgive us, O Living, O
Praiseworthy One!
Yes, indeed, Ayatullah
Bahjat was reared in the laps of a man whose heart was filled with the warmth
of loving Ahl al-Bayt (as) and grief for their tragedies, particularly the
tragedies of Abu Abdullah (as). He grew up in the environments of the mourning majalis
for Imam al-Husayn, drinking of their springs. Since his early life, he avoided
playing and having fun like other children. The signs of genius showed on him,
and his face was painted with the marks of conviction and uprightness. It was
obvious this child would have a glorious future in the field of knowledge and
attainment.
He
finished his elementary studies at the city's traditional study circles (known
as katatib), then he started his theological studies in the same city.
Anyhow, his soul, that was thirsty for perfection, did not quench its thirst by
what he had received of branches of knowledge in Foman; therefore, he left it
after having finished the preparatory stage of religious sciences in it and
left for Iraq where he was honored by residing in sacred Karbala in 1348. He
was then almost fourteen.
According
to what was transmitted by one of his close students, Ayatullah Bahjat had told
him that he had come of age and became a man of responsibility one year after
his stay in Karbala. Yes, the hand of the divine mercy remains caring for the
righteous servants since their birth up to their youth, the lights of love and
kindness being compassionate to them so they would become in the future torches
emitting light along the path of those who seek the most Kind One, the most
Exalted, the most Great.
Thus, Ayatullah Bahjat spent four of his honorable
lifespan in sacred Karbala, inhaling the closeness to Abu Abdullah (as), the
fragrance of the purity of his soul, cultivating himself thereby. During that
period, he studied the largest portion of the books of fiqh and Usul
taught to him by the great scholars in that holy city.
In 1352 A.H., he went to Najaf al-Ashraf to continue his
studies and acquire the theological branches of knowledge. He attended the
courses of the Sutooh stage [an equivalent to a study for a Master's
degree] under the tutelage of a number of Ayatullahs including Ayatullah mentor
Murtaďa Taleqani. Despite that, his determination was not confined to
continuing his studies but he focused most of his attention on looking for the
men of Allah, His righteous servants, so he could satisfy his thirst from their
fountainhead, the thirst of his soul which was eager to turn the phases of
perfection and reach the most sublime objective.
One of the students of the mentor says the following:
"During two years which I spent under the pulpit of his lessons, I never
heard him talk about himself except on very rare occasions. One of those
occasions is that he talked about the process of lauding the moral status of
his mentor, Naeeni the critic. He said, 'I used to participate during my young
days in the congregational prayer services led by our mentor, al-Naeeni, and I
sometimes used to realize some of his spiritual conditions during the
prayers.'"
In The Courtyard of The Geniuses of
Fiqh and Usul
Having completed the
Sutooh stage and realized the lessons of great professors, such as Sayyid
Abul-Hasan al-Isfahani, Agha Mirza al-Naeeni, he entered in the courtyard of
knowledge and virtue so he could complete his higher studies at the hands of
the great `allama al-Hajj Sheikh Muhammad Husayn al-Gharawi al-Isfahani
who is known as al-Kampani. Through his piercing intellect and sound judgment,
he was able to follow the waves of deep intellectual waves and precise pursuits
which `allama al-Kampani used to dictate to his students through his
swift and roving intellect, seeking help from Allah, relying on Him, the most
Great One, the most Sublime.
Sheikh Muhammad Taqi Misbah says the following in this
regard, "Ayatullah Bahjat studied most of his fiqh with the late Sheikh
Muhammad Kadhim al-Shirazi, student of the late Mirza Muhammad Taqi al-Shirazi,
who is one of the prominent professors of al-Najaf al-Ashraf. He started
studying the Usul at the hands of the
late Naeeni and finished the greatest portion in the presence of the late
Sheikh Muhammad Husayn al-Kampani al-Isfahani whether in the science of Usul or in other aspects and
dimensions."
Biographies, Conduct and Gnosticism
During his studies, and
shortly before reaching adolescence, Ayatullah Bahjat paid attention to
self-cultivation and moral perfection. He, therefore, kept since residing in
Karbala looking for a professor of manners to embrace and cultivate him. He
heard about Ayatullah Sayyid al-Qadi being in Najaf al-Ashraf, so he felt
honored to reside in this city so he could be inspired in manners by keeping
company with his prominent mentor, the late al-Hajj Sheikh Muhammad Husayn
al-Isfahani al-Kampani.
Sheikh Misbah al-Yazdi says the following in this regard:
"The impact of the late Sheikh Muhammad Husayn al-Isfahani was obvious on
the conduct of the mentor, Ayatullah Bahjat. He used to quote some of his
pursuits with admiration. We used to see samples of his conduct which reminded
us of his citing the mentor. It was quite obvious that this mentor had a great
impact on building his moral character."
The mentor also attended lessons in manners by Sayyid Abd
al-Ghaffar in al-Najaf al-Ashraf before being tutored by the spiritual scholar
and famous Gnostic, Ayatullah Sayyid Ali al-Qadi, may Allah Almighty be pleased
with him. He started his studies with him and drank of the spring of his
niceties and care when he was eighteen of age; therefore, the mentor took long
strides in the stages of Gnosticism even when he was in the prime of his youth.
Sheikh Musban al-Yazdi says the following: "The
mentor benefited from his being in the presence of the late al-Hajj Mirza Ali
al-Qadi in as far as manners and morals are concerned and directly, and he was
tutored by him for long years. Ayatullah al-Qadi was specialist in cultivating
persons morally. Each of the late `allama Tabatabai, the late Ayatullah
Sheikh Muhammad Taqi al-Amuli and the late Ayatullah Sheikh Ali Muhammad
Burujardi as well as a large number of other great men of knowledge and even
some religious authorities from his lessons in manners and Gnosticism."
Ayatullah Bahjat quotes some pursuits from other
individuals such as Ayatullah Sheikh Murtaďa Taleqani. He says,
"During those days, someone was trying to find out the number of those who
were committed to reciting the supplication by Abu Hamzah al-Thumali during the
qunoot of the witr prayer rite during the eves of the month of
Ramadan and in the shrine of Imam Ali, peace be with him. When this person made
a count of these individuals, he found out their number exceeding seventy men.
The number of people who were committed to rituals and to spirituality at that
time was a lot more than it is in our time, and this is regrettable. Of course,
we do not know the unknown. Perhaps people undertake these forms of worship at
their homes nowadays, but we can say for sure that the commitment for acts of
adoration has seen a decline in our times. This is quite regrettable,
indeed."
In his memoirs, one of the students of Bahjat the mentor
has written the following: "Someone heard that more than seventy men were
reciting the supplication by Abu Hamzah al-Thumali in their witr prayer
and in the shrine of Imam Ali, peace be with him, so he decided to verify the
number of those who have committed themselves to so doing during his time. He
found out that their number did not exceed fifty men, as I remember, and the
person speaking was the Tehrani."
Philosophy
Ayatullah Bahjat studied
the signals of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and the travels of the most highly spiritual
persons with professor Ayatullah Sayyid Husayn Baduba-Ay.
Migration To Holy Qum
Ayatullah Bahjat return to
his homeland, Foman, after having completed his studied in the lunar year 1363.
He stayed in that city for few months then he decided to return to the
theological seminary in al-Najaf al-Ashraf. But prior to his departure for
al-Najaf, he decided to make a pilgrimage to the shrine of the Lady of Ahl
al-Bayt, Fatima the infallible one, peace be with her, in the city of holy Qum
and to familiarize himself with the conditions at the theological seminary in
this city. He stayed there for few months. But those days coincided with the
demise of senior professors of al-Najaf al-Ashraf who passed away one after the
other, something that prompted him to decide to stay in the holy city of Qum.
In this city, the mentor attended the classes of Grand
Ayatullah the late Hujjat Kuwah-Kamrah-Ay and distinguished himself among his
students. Then he attended the classes of the late Ayatullah Burujardi in the
company of great Ayatullah such as imam al-Khomeini, Gulpaygani and others.
Sheikh Misbah says the following in this regard:
"Ayatullah Bahjat was one of the distinguished students who maintained
regular attendance of the classes offered by the late Ayatullah Burujardi. It
is customary in reference to the Kharij researches that some students are more
distinguished than others in fixing the pursuits and submitting confusing
matters than others. These students are more precise than their fellows, and
their confusing issues take sometimes a great scholarly shape, making answering
them a matter that needs more precision and depth than other confusing issues.
Ayatullah Bahjat had thus a status in the classes of the late Ayatullah
Burujardi."
Teaching
Ayatullah Bahjat used to
teach the high Sutooh in Najaf al-Ashraf when he was attending classes of major
Ayatullah such al-Isfahani, alKampani and al-Shirazi. In other words, he used
to teach and study at the same time, and this was his habit even after his
migration to the holy city of Qum .
As regarding teaching the Kharij research, we can say he
started teaching Kharij al-Fiqh and the Usul
for more than forty years, and he used to teach this subject at his house in
order to avoid fame. Many men of virtue benefited from him during those long
past years.
