Surprisingly, all the
ladies in the household of Muhammed Mustafa, the
messenger of Allah, were not altogether free from some of
the weaknesses which are supposed to be characteristic of
women. Some of his wives suffered from jealousy, and they
were not very squeamish about showing it either. The
incident of "honey" will make this point clear.
One of the wives of the
Messenger of Allah was Zaynab bint Jahash. She knew that
her husband was fond of honey. She, therefore, obtained
the variety of honey which he liked very much. It so
happened that Zaynab was the most beautiful of the wives
of the Messenger of Allah. He thought very highly of her.
This was a cause of some anxiety to Hadhrat Ayesha bint
Abu Bakr, another of his wives. She feared lest he gave
all his love to Zaynab, to the exclusion of his other
wives. Therefore, she and Hafsa bint Umar, a third wife
of the Prophet, worked out a scheme the purpose of which
was to make him dislike honey.
The rest of the story is told by Hadhrat Ayesha hersel£
Imam Bukhari has quoted her in his Book of Talaq
(Divorce), and Book of Tafsir (of Sura Tahreem) as
follows:
I and Hafsa made this plan
that when the Messenger of Allah visits any one of us,
she should tell him that his mouth reeks with
"maghafeer." (maghafeer is something sweet to
taste but has a pungent and unpleasant odor. Muhammed
Mustafa was very sensitive on this point. He hated strong
odors). It so happened that Hafsa was the wife he visited
first. As soon as he entered her chamber, she said:
"O Messenger of Allah! Your mouth has the odor of
maghafeer." He said: "I did not eat maghafeer.
But when I was with Zaynab, she gave me some honey to
eat. It is possible that the honey had the odor of
maghafeer. But in future, I shall not eat honey."
Here two wives of Muhammed Mustafa - Ayesha and Hafsa are
seen working against a third wife - Zaynab. Zaynab had
not done any harm to Ayesha and Hafsa. She was a cousin
of the Prophet; he was the son of her maternal uncle. She
loved him and he loved her. She knew his likes and
dislikes, and kept a certain variety of honey at home
which she knew, was his favorite.
Muhammed's love for Zaynab kindled the flames of jealousy
in the heart of Ayesha. To quell those flames, she
hatched a scheme with Hafsa against Zaynab and
implemented it. Apparently, these two ladies did not
trust their husband for fairplay. They thought that he
was being partial to Zaynab - perhaps at their expense.
If they had trusted him, they would not have hatched such
a scheme.
Abul Kalam Azad says that jealousy is an instinct of
women, and it can overcome all other instincts in them.
Ayesha, he says, was led by this very human instinct to
improvise an artifice to make her husband spend less time
with Zaynab than he was doing.
Muhammed Mustafa told these two ladies that he would not
eat honey again. This must have pleased both of them
because they probably believed that their plot was
successful. But at this point, Revelation intervened and
clinched the matter with the following verse:
O PROPHET! WHY HOLDEST
THOU TO BE FORBIDDEN THAT WHICH ALLAH HAS MADE LAWFUL TO
THEE? THOU SEEKEST TO PLEASE THY CONSORTS. BUT ALLAH IS
OFT-FORGIVING, MOST MERCIFUL.
(Quran Majid. Chapter 66; verse 1)
Hadhrat Ayesha and Hadhrat Hafsa did not want their
husband to eat honey, and he agreed not to, but then
Allah Ta'ala Himself had to remind him that the
consumption of honey was quite lawful, and that he ought
not to deny himself the pleasure of eating it.
Muhammed Mustafa, of course, returned to Zaynab's
apartment and enjoyed honey as he had done before.
Mary the Copt
In the year 10 A.H., the governor of
Egypt, sent a slave girl called Mary the Copt to Medina
to wait on Muhammed Mustafa. Mary soon won a place for
herself in his affections and his home. He loved her and
she also loved him. From her, he had a son whom he called
Ibrahim. Ibrahim was born late in the life of his father.
The father, therefore, loved him immensely.
Ibrahim was a special gift which Allah bestowed upon His
slaves, Muhammed Mustafa and Mary the Copt.
TO GOD BELONGS THE DOMINION OF THE
HEAVENS AND THE EARTH. HE CREATES WHAT HE WILLS (AND
PLANS). HE BESTOWS (CHILDREN) MALE OR FEMALE ACCORDING TO
HIS WILL (AND PLAN), OR HE BESTOWS BOTH MALES AND
FEMALES, AND HE LEAVES BARREN WHOM HE WILL: FOR HE IS
FULL OF KNOWLEDGE AND POWER.
(Quran Majid. Chapter 42; verses 49, 50)
Muhammed Mustafa and Mary the Copt were blessed by Allah
with the birth of their son, Ibrahim. They thanked Him
for the great blessing which filled their life and their
home with
But the birth of Ibrahim did not bring happiness to some
other wives of his father.
D. S. Margoliouth
His (the Prophet's) last years were
brightened for a time by the birth of a son to his Coptic
concubine (sic) Mary whom he acknowledged as his own, and
whom he called after the mythical (sic) founder of his
religion, Ibrahim. This concubine (sic) having been the
object of the extreme envy of his many childless wives,
the auspicious event occasioned them the most painful
heartburnings; which indeed were speedily allayed by the
death of the child (who lived only 11 months).
(Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, London)
One of the wives of the Prophet to whom the birth of
Ibrahim occasioned heartburning, was Hadhrat Ayesha.
Hadhrat Ayesha was of course jealous of Mary - her new
co-wife, and hated her. Unfortunately, her hatred of Mary
was not confined to Mary alone; it went beyond her, and
reached her infant son. Ayesha hated Ibrahim. It never
occurred to her that she ought to love Ibrahim, not only
because he was the darling of the Prophet, but also
because he was an infant. But if Ayesha was unable to
overcome jealousy and hatred, and was unable to show any
love to the baby, she ought, at least, to have pretended
to love him, if only to please his father. Ayesha could
not do even this.
Ayesha could not show any love to Ibrahim, not even for
the sake of appearance. But there is one thing she could
have done, and that was to refrain from showing her
hatred for him.
It is amazing that whereas Ayesha was so abundantly
endowed with feelings of hatred, jealousy and resentment,
she appears to
have been singularly devoid of the tenderness which is a
universal characteristic of women. She did not show any
tenderness. In the matter of children, and especially the
infants, even a cruel woman becomes tender. But not
Ayesha. Far from being tender to the beloved son of her
husband, she cursed him and cast many aspersions on him.
Alas, Ibrahim did not live long. He died in infancy.
Muhammad Husayn Haykal
"When Mary gave birth to Ibrahim,
the event brought to Muhammad, a man past sixty years of
age, great joy. Because of the birth of the baby, the
position of his mother - Mary also improved. Muhammad now
looked upon her as a free wife, indeed, as one enjoying a
most favored position.
"It was inevitable that the birth of Ibrahim would
kindle fires of jealousy in the hearts of the other wives
of Muhammad who were all barren. It was also natural that
the Prophet's love and affection for the newborn baby and
his mother, fanned the flames of that jealousy. Muhammad
had liberally rewarded Salma, the wife of Abu Rafi, and
the midwife for Ibrahim. He also distributed grain to all
the poor in Medina. He assigned the infant to the care of
Umm Sayf, a wet nurse, who owned seven goats, and she was
to give their milk to him. Every day Muhammad visited the
house of Mary to see his son's bright face and to take
him in his arms. All this incited fierce jealousy in the
hearts of the barren wives. The question was how long
these wives would endure this agony.
"One day the proud new father, Muhammed Mustafa,
walked into Ayesha's chamber, carrying his son in his
arms, to show him to her. He called her attention to the
great resemblance of the baby to himself. Ayesha looked
at the baby, and said that she saw no resemblance at all.
When the Prophet
expressed delight how his son was growing, Ayesha
responded tartly that any child given the amount of milk
which Ibrahim was getting, would grow just as big and
strong as he. Indeed, the birth of Ibrahim brought so
much heart-burning to the wives of the prophet that they
went beyond these and similar caustic answers. It reached
such proportions that Revelation itself voiced a special
condemnation. Without a doubt, the whole affair left an
imprint on the life of the Prophet as well as on the
history of Islam.
Since the Prophet granted to his wives special rights and
privileges at a time when Arab women amounted to nothing
at all in society, it was natural for them to abuse the
liberty which none of their peers had ever enjoyed
before. This liberty led some of them to criticize the
Prophet himself so severely as to roil up his disposition
for all day. He often ignored some of his wives, and
avoided others in order to discourage them from abusing
their privileges. Even so, one of them was so driven by
her jealousy as to exceed all limits of decency. But when
Mary gave birth to Ibrahim, they lost all composure and
self-control. It was for this reason that Ayesha went as
far as denying all resemblance between the Prophet and
his son, a denial which amounted to an accusation of
adultery on the part of the innocent Mary."
(The Life of Muhammad, Cairo, 1935)
Allah saved His loving slave, Khadija,
from the torment of being forced, by the customs of the
country, to share the attentions and love of her husband
with his other wives. But if she had a co-wife, how would
she have treated her? Would she have been jealous of her?
Never. Jealousy was as far from her as one pole is from
the other. She would not have hurt her co-wife or
co-wives. She never hurt a neighbor, a maid, or a slave.
She never hurt even animals, much less any humans. She
passed through life graced with angelic qualities.
After the death of Khadija, Muhammed Mustafa married many
other women. But no one among them could ever approximate
Khadija for excellence. Among them, there were women of
different backgrounds, and they were of very different
casts of character. Some of them, it appears, never
realized that their husband was the chosen one of God
Himself, and had a rank and a status beyond the reach of
every other mortal.
D. S. Margoliouth
The residence of the wives in the
Prophet's harem was short, owing to unsuitability of
temper; in one or more cases the newcomers were taught by
the jealous wives of the Prophet formularies which,
uttered by them in ignorance of the meaning, made the
Prophet discharge them on the spot. One was discharged
for declaring on the death of the infant Ibrahim that had
his father been a prophet, he would not have died - a
remarkable exercise of the "reasoning power."
(Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, London)
To Muhammed Mustafa the conduct of some of the women he
married in Medina, must have seemed to be a strange
counterpoint to the deportment of Khadija. The latter's
deportment had been all sweetness and light. Her every
word and every deed had comported with her aim to fill
the house of her husband with bliss, and she was
eminently successful in realizing it.
Muhammad Husayn Haykal of Egypt and
Abul Kalam Azad of India, have quoted various collectors
and commentators of Hadith as saying that Hadhrat Abu
Bakr and Hadhrat Umar once sought permission of the
Prophet to visit him. When they were admitted to his
presence, they found him sitting silent, surrounded by
his wives. (These ladies were demanding more money from
their husband as they said, they could not live in
poverty). Umar said: "O Prophet of Allah, if my
daughter was ever seen or heard asking me for money, I
would surely pull her hair." The Prophet laughed,
and said: "Here are my wives surrounding me and
asking me for money." Immediately, Abu Bakr rose and
pulled the hair of his daughter, Ayesha; and so did Umar
to his daughter, Hafsa. Both Abu Bakr and Umar said to
their daughters: "Do you dare ask the Prophet of
Allah what he cannot afford to give?" They answered:
"No, by God, we do not ask him any such thing."
"It was in connection with this conversation between
Abu Bakr and Umar and their daughters," says
Muhammad Husayn Haykal, "that the following verses
were revealed:"
O PROPHET! SAY TO THY CONSORTS:
"IF IT BE THAT YE DESIRE THE LIFE OF THIS WORLD AND
ITS GLITTER, - THEN COME! I WILL PROVIDE FOR YOUR
ENJOYMENT AND SET YOU FREE IN A HANDSOME MANNER.
BUT IF YE SEEK ALLAH AND HIS APOSTLE, AND THE HOME OF
HEREAFTER, VERILY ALLAH HAS PREPARED FOR THE WELL-DOERS
AMONGST YOU A GREAT REWARD.
(Chapter 33; verses 28, 29)
Though perhaps all wives of the Prophet
were united in demanding more money for food and other
necessities from him, Ayesha and Hafsa were pressing the
demand more vigorously. Abdullah ibn Abbas says that he
once asked Umar bin al-Khattab who were the two wives of
the Prophet who were most persistent in demanding money
from him, and he said: "Ayesha and Hafsa."
The Prophet himself lived like an ascetic. He invariably
put the needs of the poor and the hungry ahead of his own
needs. His lifestyle was known to everyone in Medina and
those who knew it better than anyone else, were his own
wives. Therefore, when they told him that life for them
was exceedingly austere, and that he ought to alleviate
its asperity for them by granting them more money, he was
surprised. He had perhaps assumed that his wives would
also imitate him, and would live lives of strict
self-denial as he did. He, therefore, found their joint
"representation" most shocking; he perhaps
thought that it was prompted by too much attachment to
food and material comforts.
Abul Kalam Azad says that the wives of the Prophet, after
all, were human, and they too had their human needs and
desires. Their demarche, therefore, he adds, is quite
understandable.
The Prophet, however, was so displeased with his wives
that he separated himself from them for a whole month.
Muhammad Husayn Haykal
Muhammad isolated himself from all his
women for a full month and refused to talk about them to
anyone. Nor did anyone else dare to talk to him
concerning them. Abu Bakr, Umar, and his other in-laws as
well, were deeply concerned over the sad fate that
awaited the "Mothers of Believers" now that
they had exposed themselves to the anger of the Prophet,
and the consequent punishment of God. It was even said
that Muhammad had divorced Hafsah, Umar's daughter, after
she had divulged the secret she had promised to keep. The
market-place of Medina was abuzz with rumors about the
impending divorce of the Prophet's wives. The wives, for
their part, were repentant and apprehensive. They
regretted that their jealousy of one another had carried
them away, and that they had abused and harmed their
gentle husband. Muhammad spent most of his time in a
store-house he owned, placing his servant Rabah at its
doorstep as long as he was inside. Therein he used to
sleep on a very hard bed of coarse date branches.
(The Life of Muhammad, Cairo, 1935)
Some of the wives of the Prophet showed
themselves extremely suspicious. Their suspiciousness
could not have made him very happy in his conjugal life.
Professor Margoliouth has quoted the Musnad of Imam Ahmad
bin Hanbal (Vol. iv, p. 221) in this regard, in his book
Mohammed and the Rise of Islam as follows:
"At dead of night, it is said, the Prophet went out
to the cemetery called Al-Baki, and asked forgiveness for
the dead who were buried there. This indeed he had done
before; Ayesha once followed him like a detective when he
started out at night, supposing him to be bent on some
amour: but his destination she found was the
graveyard."
The 66th chapter of Quran Majid called
Tahreem, deals exclusively with the subject of the
conduct of the wives of the Prophet. One of its verses
has been quoted above in connection with the incident of
"honey." Its fourth and fifth verses read as
follows:
IF YOU TWO TURN IN REPENTANCE TO HIM
(TO ALLAH), YOUR HEARTS ARE INDEED SO INCLINED; BUT IF
YOU BACK UP EACH OTHER AGAINST HIM, TRULY ALLAH IS HIS
PROTECTOR, AND GABRIEL, AND (EVERY) RIGHTEOUS ONE AMONG
THOSE WHO BELIEVE, - AND FURTHERMORE THE ANGELS - WILL
BACK (HIM) UP. IT MAY BE, IF HE DIVORCED YOU (ALL),THAT
ALLAH WILL GIVE HIM IN EXCHANGE CONSORTS BETTER THAN YOU,
There is not a consensus of the
commentators of Quran Majid and the historians upon the
particular incident which is under reference in these two
verses. Some of them say that the Prophet told something
in confidence to Hadhrat Hafsa. She was, however, unable
to keep the secret, and disclosed it to Hadhrat Ayesha.
This breach of confidence drew the foregoing censure upon
one of them for "betraying a confidence, and upon
the other for encouraging the betrayal," thus
"abetting each other's wrong."
Explaining the verses of the 66th chapter of Quran Majid,
A. Yusuf Ali, its translator and commentator, writes as
follows:
The Prophet's household was not like
other households. The Consorts of Purity were expected to
hold a higher standard of behavior and reticence than
ordinary women, as they had higher work to perform. But
they were human beings after all, and were subject to the
weaknesses of their sex, and they sometimes failed. The
imprudence of Hadhrat Aisha once caused serious
difficulties: the holy Prophet's mind was sore
distressed, and he renounced the company of his wives for
some time.... Hadhrat Umar's daughter, Hafsa, was also
sometimes apt to presume on her position, and when the
two combined in secret counsel, and discussed matters and
disclosed secrets to each other, they caused much sorrow
to the holy Prophet, whose heart was tender and who
treated all his family with exemplary patience and
affection.