1) '--' as to its literal meanings we may read: '--': '--' meaning: took orders. '--' I or worship means: obeying with humility, worship your God: means obey your God, worship the devil means: to obey his temptations and enticements. «Lesan al-arab-Taj al-aroos- the word.

2) "Tohful Oqul /336 published in Najaf. Also pay attention to this tradition: (Usul al-Kafi 2/398)

3) From Husham bin Salim and Hamad bein Eisa and other related a certain tradition (Usul al-Kafi 1/53)

4) For example refer to the "Shoora" incidents (abdullah ibn Saba 1/214-215 in Arabic, kand in Persian 1/265-280)

5) "Badiyatul Mojtahed" 2/141, and "Zad al-Ma'adel ibn Qayyem" 2/205 and "Al-Mogni-le-ibn Ghodameh" 7/527 and "Al-Mohli-le-ibn Hazam" 7/107. "Ahkam al-Quran lel-Hesas" 1/279 and "Al-Mohli" 7/107.

6) The introduction to "Meratul Uqul" 23/17-67 chapter Totoor -e-Ejtahad

7) "Mofradat", article on Rab, p.182 published in Tehran 1373. and Rabbo Zaiato Esleha wa A'temmaha wa rabbo folan waladahu ay-robah (Al-Sehah 17130)

8) Lord of all things, owner (Al-Sehah, article On Rab 17130) Rabbo Kolla Shai'in Malekohu wa Mostaheqqohu aw Sahebohu (Al-Qamoos 1773) Al-Malek = Al-Rab(=Lord: owner) (Kashef 1753) Also, sometimes the word lord in a section is used to mean owner or manager. In Arabic any name which is composed of two parts, may be used alone in either of those parts, like (Maedah) which originally used to say a (table with food) may be used to mean a table without food or food without a table.

9) "Saba" = chapter 34, verse 15.

10) Holy Quran chapter 79, verses 21-25.

11) Holy Quran: chapter 43 verse 51.

12) "Ta-Ha" verses 43-48

13) Ta-Ha verses 49-53

14) Ta-Ha verses 49-53

15) Ta-Ha verse 70

16) Baqarah verse 258

17) "Baqarah" verse 258

18) "Baqarah" verse 258

19) "Baqarah" verse 258

20) "An'am" verses 76-77

21) "An'am" verses 76-77

22) "An'am" Verse 80.

23) "The Prophet" verses 51-57.

24) "The Cave" verse 14.

25) Ibn Heshaam 4/578-581 published by: Mostafa as-Seqaa and others 1375, Egypt.

26) "Repentance" verse 31.

27) Majma-ul-Bayaan 5/23-24 and Tafseer al-Borhaan 21/121 and Ad-Durrul Mansoor 3/330-331.

28) "Savab al-amal" by Shaikh Saduq 301; "Behar al-anwar" 52/190; and "Montakhab al-athar", 427.

29) "Sura Luqman" verse 25.

30) "The Height", verse 54".

31) "Luqman", verse 29, "The Troops", verse 5.

32) "The Bee", verse 69.

33) 'The Family of Imran" verse 19.

34) "The Bee" verse 35.

35) 'The Table Spread", verse 92.

36) 'The Bee" verse 82.

37) "Cattle" verse 163.

38) 'The Family of Imran" verse 187.

39) 'The Cow" verse 159.

40) 'The Cow" verse 75.

41) 'The Family of Imran" verse 71.

42)"The Cow" verse 42.

43)"'The Cow" verse 75.

44) 'The Table Spread" verse 41.

45) "Women", verse 46.

46) "The Cow", 213 and "The Family of Imran", 19 and "Counsel", 14 and "Crouching, 17.

47) "Repentance" verse 1, 2 & 3.

48) See chapter 'The Jinn" verses 27 & 28.

49) In creditable Shi'ite Traditions it is said that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w) informed Ali (a.s) of all of the matters needed by man and he (Ali) collected and put these down in a book called « «'''» =collection», which was kept by Ahlu'l bait as a scientific legacy.. We have also seen much of this book in Sunni Traditions. We will discuss this book further in the future. If God wills.

50) Tirmidi "As-Sahih", 5/275; Tafsir al-Quran tradition # 3090; Al-Musnad 3/283-old printing; Al-Khasaes 20, 21, Egypt.

51) 'The Clans" verse 33.

52) Al-Khasaes, 20, Egypt, and Tafsir al-Tabary, 10/46.

53) Al-Musnad 1/150, old-print, 2/319, 1286 A.H. Research by Ahmad Mohammad Shaker and "Al-durrul Mansoor" 7/29 and Tafsir Ibn Kaseer 2/333.

54) Al-Musnad 2/322 1296 A.H; Majma'az-zawaed 7/29 and Durrul Mansoor 3/209.

55) Al-Khases, Al-Nesai, 20, Egypt and exists in a mention of Sa'ads tradition in Al-Dorrul Mansoor 3/209.

56) Mostadrak al-Sahihain 3/51, Riyadh.

57) "Musnad" Ahmad ibn Hanbal 1/156, tradition # 4, Research of Ahmad Mohammad Shaker, Egypt 1368, old-printing volume 1 pg. 3.

58) Tabari. "Tarikh-e-Rosol wal Molook" 2/514, printed by Dar al-Kutub, and "Sharhe Nahj" 10/182, printed by: Mohammad Abufazl Ebrahim, Egypt 1386, etc.

59) Tirmidhi, as-Sahih 5,636, tradition 3719 and Sunan-e-ibn-e-Majeh 1/44 tradition 119 and al-Musnad 4/164 and History of the Caliphs, 169.

60) Ibn Hesham 4/641, and Tabakatul Kubra 2/169, Uyun-al-athar 2/271, Beirut 1974, and Al-Bedayeh wan-Nehayeh 7/344.

61) Tirmidhi 5,632, Tradition # 3712, Al-Mustadrak 3/110-111, Al-Bedayeh wan-Nehayeh 67/345, and Al-Musnad 5/356.

62) Al-Riyazul Nazarath 2/268 1372, Cairo.

63) Al-Musnad 4/136 old print, also see Kanzul a'mal.

64) Tirmidhi 5/59-658 tradition 3775 and Ibn Majeh 1/51, tradition 144 and Al-Musnad 4/172.

65) Sunan-e-ibn-e-Dawood 4/107 tradition 2475.

66) Al-Musnad 1/74.

67) "(Nahjul Balaghe, sermon 107, also "Sobhe Saleh" 158): and also; "(Nahjul Balaghe, sermon 103.

68) We are hopeful that with Gods assistance we will be able to arrange these lectures and publish them.

69) In Arabic, "Salat" means prayer, "Soum" means thrift, "Hajj" means intention and "Zakat" means growth, or cleanliness.

70) 'The Family of Imran: 123-123.

71) 'The Believer": 51.

72) The sanctification of bread and wine called "The Lords. supper" is performed in remembrance of the Israelis flight from Egypt or (Passover). This is one of the most important Christian rites. They believe that during this rite the priest performs the miracle of changing the bread and wine into the blood and flesh of Jesus. (Mathew, chapter 26, verses: 266, 27. and 28; Luke. ch. 22, verses: 19,.

73) Circumcision is a definate law of the Torah (you and your descendant must all agree to circumcise every male among you) Genesis 17:10, 11 and (From now on you must circumcise every baby boy when he is eight years old). But among the Christians it was abolished on the order of the Apostle Paul and his like and in other words the religious creed was altered. (Galatians 2:7-10, Acts 15)

74) In the summer of 325 A.D. nearly three hundred Bishops of Eastern cities gathered in the city of Nicaea near constantinople and after lengthy discussions adopted a formal statement of the tenets of Christian faith, establishing the primary principles of Christian thought, chiefly the doctrine of the trinity. (See V M. Miller: The History of Civilization 9/345, and John Nass: History of Religious Communities. 425)

75) Saduq: Kamaluddin 576, Tehran 1390, Behar al-anwar 873, also Majma-ul Bayan 10/462, also Tafseer al-Borhan 4/444 and Tafseer al-Safyy 2/802.

76) Saduq: Kamaluddin 576, Tehran 1390, Behar al-anwar 8/3, also Majma-ul Bayan 10/462, also Tafseer al-Borhan 4/444 and Tafseer al-Safyy 2/802.

77) "Musnad al-Telyasi" tradition 2178 and "Musnad Ahmad" 3/94,84 and "Sahih Muslim" sharhe Nowawi 16/219, Ketab al-a'mal and "Sahih Bokhari" Ketab al-Anbiya 2/171 and "Kanzul A'mal" 11/123.

78) "Sahih Bokhari" Sharhe fath al-Bari 17/63 and "Sonan ibn Majeh" tradition 3994, "Masnad Ahmad" 2/327, 369,450, 511, 527 and "Kanzul a'mal" 11/123.

79) For example see "Khamsoon wa me'ata sahabi Mokhtalef" 2/45-52.

80) With regard to the Holy Prophets identity we read in the Holy Quran ("The Clans": 40) "Mohammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets...." Also regarding His book (The Bee: 89) "And We reveal the Scripture unto thee as an exposition of all things". Also (Cattle: 116) "Perfected is the Word of thy Lord in truth and Justice. There is naught that can change His words. He is the Hearer, and Knower". And ("Fusilat": 42) "It is an unassailable Scripture. Falsehood cannot come at it from before it or behind it".

81) Proof of this statement is the undertaking of future discussion-If God will.

82) Nahjul Balaghe- Sermon #3 (English translation of sermon from translation by Ali Naqi-un-Nagvi)

83) Abu Dawood 3/22, tradition 3660 + "Musnad" of Ahmad, 3/225,5/183, 4/80 + 82, + Tirmidhi 5/33,34 (Research of Ebrahim Tieh Avaz) + Bedai-ul-Menan 1/14 + Behar al-Anwar 2/109 & 148 + Mostadrak al-Vasael 3/181 + Ibn Majeh 1/84-86 tradition p. 230,231,232 & 236 + Darmi 1/74-75.

84) Sahih Bukhari, 1/24 Balagh edition, Book of knowledge chapter: + Ibn Majeh 1/85 tradition #233 +Behar al-Anwar 2/152 tradition #42.

85) "Nahl" verse 35, "Maedeh" verse 92, "Nahl" verse 82.

86) The term Ijtehad also exist in the school of Ahlu'al bait but does not have the meaning in practice that the caliphate school gave it: Because in the Caliphate school it contained the meanings (Exercising personal opinion) and (giving ones vote) but in the Imamate school it only means striving to understand God's law, and a Mojtahed never allows himself to exercise his own personal opinion. Of course as an explanation of this term in Fundamentalist texts of both schools one sentence is used. However in practice the Caliphate school allows the interference in Religious law, the opinions of Scholars and Prophetic companions other than the infallible. While the Imamate school only gives validity to the words of and His Messenger.

87) Behar al-anwar, 2/147 + "Musnad" by Ahmad 2/162,192,207 + Darmy 1/125.

88) Abu Davoud "Ketab al-Kharaj" chapter: fi tafsir ahl-e-zemeh 3/170, tradition #3050.

89) Shamsuddin Dhahaby: "Tazkeratul Hifaz" 1/2-3 (India ed.)

90) Darmy 1/85 + Ibn Majeh 1/13, tradition #28 + Dhahaby "Tazkeratul Hifaz" 1/8. Jame Bayan al elm 2/147 + Sharaf Ashab al-Hadith /88.

91) The Prophets remarks on the superior characteristics of Abu Dharr (Tirmidhi 5/669 tradition #3801 + Ibn Majeh 1/55 tradition #156 + Al-Musnad 2/163 and 175).

92) Dhahaby "Tazkerat ul-Hifaz" 1/7.

93) Ibn Saad- '"Tabaqat al-Kobra", 4/229 (Beirut).

94) Yaghoubi, 2/148-149, (Najaf) + Ansab al-Ashraf 5/53 (Jerusalem 1938).

95) "Seyr A'lam al bala, 2/50 (Egypt).

96) Yaghoubi 2/149 (Najaf).

97) "Moravej al-Dhahab" 2/340 (Beirut).

98) To obtain further information you may refer to "Tafseer al-Mizan" 9/260-278 (Tehran).

99) Surah Baqarah verse 177. (Translation of verse from Persian by the translator).

100) "Moravej al-Dhahab", 2/339-340 (Beirut 1965) Apparently the clashes between Ka'ab and Abu Dharr in the gatherings of the third Caliph were numerous.

101) Ehtiar-e-Ma'refatul Rejaal, 79-87 + Behar al-Anwar 42/127-133.

102) Behar al-Anwar, 42/121-122.

103) "Zakat" = Islamic poor taz, "Khraaj"= land revenue (levied on non-Muslims and "Jezieh"= capitation or poll tax (levied on non-Muslims).

104) The explanation which clarifies this statement may be seen in the following pages.

105) Mawardi 10 ed. 3 (Egypt 1393) + Abu Ya'la Hanbali 25, 3rd Ed. (Egypt 1386),+ Ghazi Rozbehan "Method of Islamic government" 44,45 (India 1386).

106) Mowardi, 7 + Abu Ya'la 23, Suluk-ul-Muluk 43-44.

107) Mowardi, 7 + For more information about Saghifeh refer the book Abdullah ibn Saba.

108) "Masoody" 2/200 + Al-Emamato Was-Siyasah 1/4.

109) All of these may be found in Mowardi 7 (Egypt 1393).

110) Abu Ya'la /23.

111) Suluk al-Muluk rules for Islamic government, 47 (Haiderabad India).

111) Mawardi, p.15.

112) "Sahih", Muslim 2/20-22 chapter Babo Amr bellozzoom al-Jamaa'.

113) "Sahih", Muslim 6/20-22 ch: Babo Amr bellozzom al-Jammaa'.

114) "Muslim, (ch: Babo Amr bellozoom Al-Jamaa'), 6/22 (Egypt 1334 A.H).

115) Nouvy's commentary on Muslim, 12/229 + Sunan by Bayhghi, 8/158-159 + 4/488 tradition 2199 + Abu Davoud 4/242 tradition.

116) "Nisa" verse 59.

117) Bagharah verse 124 (translated by M. H. Shakir).

118) Maybe because God used the plural "words" and not word He meant all of the tests Abraham had passed up until that time.

119) Bagharah verse 124.

120) Talaq verse: 1 \, "Whoever goes beyond the limits of Allah, he indeed does injustice to his own sould".

121) Anbiya: 73.

122) Sajdah verse: 24. For further information refer to appendix 2.

123) Refer to Hadith Kesa by the author. "Ahzab" verse: 33.

124) "Ahlul Bait = people of the house.

125) Usul Kafi 1/87-286 + Alvafi 2/63, ch: 30.

126) "Muslim" 7/122-123 (1334 Egypt).

127) "Mustadrak" 3/109,148 + For other references refer to Mo'jam al Mofahras le-alfaz al-Hadith an-nabawi.

128) "Tirmidhi 5/662 tradition 3786.

129) "Hijr" verse: 9 + Ahqaf verse: 12.

130) Musnad 6/2-4, book of al-Emareh, + Bukhari 4/81 book of Al-ahkam, + Tirmidhi 2/45 (India) and vol. 14/ 501 tradition #2225 (Egypt) +Abu Davoud 4/106-7 + Musnad of Ahmad 5/80-82.

131) Nahjul Balaghe (English translation by Ali Naqi-un-Naqvi) sermon 142 (Ansariyan publication-Qum).

132) Musnad of Ahmad 1/398, 406 + Mustadrak al-Sahihayn 4/501 + Kanz ul-Ummal 3/26-27 + Muntakhab al-Kanz 5/312 + Al-Savaegh ul-Mohragheh /20 2nd ed. 1385.

133) "Sharhe Sunan Tirmidhi" 9/68-69.

134) Sharhe Nouvy on Muslim 12/201 + Fath ul Bair fi sharhe sahih ul bokhari 16/339,341.

135) This man did not send praise and greetings on the Prophet in forty Friday prayer sermons and said to the Prophets descendants: For forty years I have hated and despised you. (Moravej al-Dhahab 3/79,80).

136) Al-Savaegh ul Mohragheh /21 (Egypt) + Tarikh ul Khulafa/16 (Pakistan).

137) Fath ul Bair 16/338-341 + Nuvi: Discription of Muslim 12/202-203 + Tarikh ul Khulafa /12.

138) Ibn Kaseer Al bedayeh wan nehayeh 6/249.

139) Albedayeh wannehayeh 6/250, (Beirut).

140) According to Muslirms narrtive, 6/4 (Egypt 1334) (meaning: Religion will always be stable until there has been twelve Caliphs and....) The word Religion int his text has been given another meaning and changed to government or leadership which has nothing to do with it.

141) Fathul bari 16/340.

142) Fathul bari in Sharhe Sahih al-Bokhari 16/341 (First printing Egypt).

143) Al-Savaegh ul Mohragheh /21 (Second printing Egypt).

144) Fathul Bari 16/338,339 + Sharhe Nuvi 12/202.

145) Kanzul Urmrmal 13/27, tradition 165, 164, 166.

146) Kanzul Urmrmal 13/27, tradition 165, 164, 166.

147) Kanzul Urmrmal 13/27, tradition 165, 164, 166.

148) Sahih by Muslirm 6/3 (Egypt).

149) Muslim 6/4 + Kanzul Ummal 13/27 tradition 162.

150) Maeda verse 12 for meaning of Naqeeb refer Nehayeh allafah 5/101.

151) As the Haron was caliph of Moses, Quran Taha verse 29-32 + Forghan 35.

152) Tarih, Tabari 2/319-321 (Dar al Ma'aref, Egypt 1968). Tafseer Tabari 19/74-75 + Al-Kamel fil Tarikh by Ibn Asir 2/41,42 (Dar al-Ketab al-arabi).

153) Musnad by Ahmad ibn Hanbal 5/356 + Al-Khasaes len-nesaee 1/24 + Majmauz-zawaed 9/127 + Kanzul Ummal 12/207-212.

154) Majmauz-zawaed 9/127.

155) Musnad by Abu Dawoud 11/360, and in another version: Ennaka waliyul Mo'meneena ba'dee.

156) "Maedah" verse 55.

157) Dhahaby in "Tazkeratul Hefaaz" 1/5 (India).

158) Ibn Abdul Bar: "Jarme'o bayaan al-alam wa faslehi", 1/77 (Egypt 1388).

159) Al-bedayeh wan-nehayeh, 8/107 (Beirut).

160) Khatib Baghdadi: "Tafseer al-alam" pg. 52 (Egypt 1984) + "al-tabaqat al-Kubra" 5/188, (Beirut).

161) Dhahaby "Tazkeratul Hefaaz", 1/2-3.

162) Dhahaby "Tazkeratul Hefaaz" 1/2-3.

163) "Anam Verse 151.

164) See in the Quran, surah "Nahl" verses: 44 and 64 regarding this fact.

165) "Al-Estee'aab" 1/359 (Egypt).

166) Wuq'ah-e-Sefeen" by Nasr bin Mazaa'em p.219 (Iran): Allahommal'an qaa'ed was-saa'eq war-raakeb.

167) Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 2/243-244 (Beirut).

168) Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 2/243.

169) Al-Tabaqat, 2/244-245.

170) Hujarat verse 2.

171) "Sahih" by Bukhari, Chapter: The sickness and death of the Prophet, 6/11.

172) "Muslim" ch: Tarkul Wasiyat 3/1259.

173) "Bukhari" ch: Qoul ul-mareez qad mara'ani, Ketab al-Teb, 7/156.

174) "Bukhari" 6/11-12 ch: Marzon-nabi.

175) For further information refer to the Appendixes.

176) Ibn Aseer, 2/291 (Dar al-Ketab al-Araby)

177) "Bukhari" Ketabu-tib ch: 22, vol. 7 p.127.

178) Ibn Hesham, 2/655 + Tabari 3/200 (Dar al-Ma'aref 1969) + Yaghoubi, 2/95.

179) Al-Tabaqat 2/267.

180) "Kanzul Ummal", 4/53 Tradition #1092 (Haydar Abad 1313).

181) According to Ibn Sa'd vol. 2 p.57.

182) A discussion and study of these remarks by the leaders after the Prophet may be found in "Book two" of this series.

183) Muslim, "Sahih" book 45, Bab 25, tradition 88, 8/24-27 (Mohammad Ali Sabih) + Ahmad "Musnad" 6/107.

184) Volume 8 p. 24 (Ketab al-berre was-salat).

185) Ahmad "Musnad" 6/52.

186) Ahmad "Musnad 6/259.

187) Ahmad "Musnad" 6/225.

188) Ahmad "Musnad" 6/258.

189) Ketab al-Berre was salat vol. 8. p.24 (Cairo).

190) Bab menal la'nate an-nabi aw sabba.

191) Same as previous vol. 8 p.26.

192) Kanz al-A'mal vol. 2. p.124- tradition 3035.

193) Kanzul A'mal vol. 2. p.124.

194) Kanz al- A'mal vol. 2. p.124.

195) Bukhari "Ketab al-Eman bab 36 + "musnad" by Ahmad 1/176,178,285 etc.

196) Bukhari 8/15 (Abdul Hamid) + Abi Avaneh 1/44-45.

197) Abu Davoud 4 p.278 tradition 4908 + Kanul A'mal 2/122 (old print).

198) Abu Davoud 4/277 tradition 3905.

199) Musnad Ahmad 1/405 + Tirmidhi 3/138.

200) Sunan Abu Davoud 4/278 tradition 4907.

201) Kanz ul A'mal 2/125 (first printing) These are five Hadiths the first related to A'ishah and the rest to others including Abu Bakr.

202) Musnad Ahmad vol. 6 p,72, 257-258.

203) Musnad Ahmad 6/138 + Darmy 2/288.

204) Musnad Ahmad 3/23.

205) Musnad Ahmad 6/22, 114, 116, 182, etc.

206) Abu Davoud 4/250.

207) Musnad Ahmad 6/174,236,246.

208) Bukhari Ketab al-adab 4/38,39.

209) "Repentance", verse 128.

210) The Pen verse 1-5.

211) The Star verse 1-5.

212) "Sahih" Muslim volume 7 page 95 tradition 139-142 + "Musnad" Ahmad, vol.1/162 and 3/123.

213) Bukhari, "Ketab-e-Fazael al-Quran", Bab 33 vol. 6 /193, 194 + Muslim "Ketab-e- Salaat al-Mosafereen, 2/190.

214) "The Most High" verse 6.

215) 'The Resurrection" verse 16-19.

216) "Ta-Ha" verse 114.

217) Bukhari "Ketab-e-Fazael al-Quran", Bab 7 vol. 3/151-153.

218) "Behaar al-Anwaar 92/106.

219) In five narratives in Bukharis "Sahih" and in Muslims book this name has been mentioned and in other places Zol Shemalain which are two nick-names for Abd-o-Amr Ibn Hanzlah from the tribe of Khaza'eh. This man was martyred in the battle of Badr, 5 years before Abu Huraireh became a Muslim and moved to Medina.

220) "Musnad" by Ahmad Hanbal 2/339 + 518 + Bukhari "Ketab al-Ghusl" bab 17 vol. 1/42+83.

221) "Sahih" by Bukhari V /63.

222) "Musnad" by Ahmad 2/252, 292.

223) See Usool al-Kafi 1/330.

224) "Sharh al-Nahj" 1 (463), old print + "Moraveh al-Dhohab" 3/454 (Beirut).

225) "Kanz-al-Amaal" 4/292.

226) "Sahih" by Muslim - last tradition vol. 3/22 (Cairo).

227) Hera - a mountain north of Mecca and a distance of three miles from this city. At its' peak there is a cave in which the first revelation was descended upon the Prophet and is for this reason called "Jabal an-Nur" See: Mo'jam al Boldaan.

228) Tabari 2/298-299 + Bukhari "Sahih" 1/7 chapter Bada al-Wahy + "Al-Tabaghat" 1/194-195.

229) refer to Ibn Aseer Al-Nehayeh 3/83.

230) Tabari 2/299-300.

231) Tabari 2/206-208, first pr. Egypt and volume 2/300-302" "Dar al-Ma'aref". + Ibn Hesham 1/236-239 Egypt 1375 + Al-Ektefa 1/263-266 Egypt.

232) Al-Tabaghaat al-Kobra 2/194-195 Beirut 1376.

233) Same as above 2/195 In narratives 4 and 6 the matter of the meeting with Varagheh is al so mentioned and how he comforted and encouraged the Prophet is narrated.

234) Same as above 2/195 In narratives 4 and 6 the matter of the meeting with Varagheh is also mentioned and how he comforted and encouraged the Prophet is narrated.

235) Asad ul-Ghaabeh 7/179 new print Egypt "Ketaab al-Sha'ab".

236) Taqreeb al-Tahzeeb 1/422, Medina Al-Mamlekatul Elmiyeh.

237) Taqreeb al-Tahzeeb 1/544.

238) Asad ul-Ghaabeh 3/291.

239) Meezaan al-E'tedaal 3/94.

240) Taqrreb al-Tahzeeb 2/19.

241) Aley Imran: 81.

242) Saduqh: Al-Khesal 605 Najaf + Mufid: Al-Ekhtesas 264 + Behar Al-Anwar 11/30,32 + 33.

243) "Tafseer Tabari 3/236 + Tafseer Ibn Kasir 1/378 + Tafseer Al-Durrul Mansoor + Tafseer Qortabi 4/125 Cairo Dar al Detaab Al-Araby + Tafseer Al-Kabir 8/115.

244) Tafseer Tabyaan 2/513 + Tafseer Majma'ul Bayaan 2/468 + Tafseer Safi 1/274.

245) Saff: 6.

246) New Testament, translated by Lamenet, printed in Paris, France and existing in the Iranian Parliaments library index number 1763 and the New Testament translated by Robinson printed in London in 1831 which exists in my own personal library. A collection of the above mentioned verses in both translations may be found at the end of the book.

247) Araf: 157.

248) Torah, translated from the original Hebrew by Robinson and printed in London 1879 A.D.

249) Exodus: 24:15-18.

250) Dr. James Hox: Dictionary of the Holy Book, Sinai /498 first pr.

251) See Mo'jam al-Boldaan entry on Saeer 3/171 and on Faaraan 4/225 and see also Dictionary of the Holy Book, Edom 27-30, Galilee 289-290, Nazareth 865-867 and Judea 982, and Palestine 660 onward.

252) Dictionary of the Holy Book: 642.

253) Bible: Genesis 14-21, 1845 Edinburgh.

254) Tarikh al Yaghouby 1/182 + Ibn Hesham 1/5 + Tabari 1/314 + Al-Tabaghat le-ibn Sa'ood 1/52 + Al-Ektefaa 1/63 + Mo'jam al-Boldaan 2(211.

255) Mo'jam al-Boldaan 4/225 Beirut.

256) James Hox: same as above: exodus /349 first pr. Beirut 1928.

257) New Testament Acts 1:15.

258) V. M. Miller: History of the Old Church 31-32, translated by Ali Nokhostin (Ali Nokhostin : Tareekh-e-Kelisaye Qadeem) Germany.

259) Torah, Arabic translation, published in American priming house Beirut, 1907.

260) Torah, farsy translation by Fazel Khan Hamadani Edinburgh 1845.

261) Anbia: 107.

262) Torah: Fazel Khan.

263) Torah, Farsy, Society for the distribution of Holy Books throughout the world.

264) Fath: 29.

265) Baghareh: 89.

266) Seerah-e-Ibn Hesham 2/36, Hejazy, Cairo.

267) Translation from the authors Farsy by translator.

268) A city near Damascus (Mo'jam al-Boldaan 1/441).

269) Seereh Ibn Hesham 1/196, Hejazy Cairo.

270) Ibn Hesham 1/180-183, Mostafa As-Seqa Egypt 1375 + Tabari 2/277-278 + Al-Kamel 2/23-24, Dar al-Ketab + Dhohaby "Tarikh al Islam" 2/28-30 Damascus + Al-Ektefa 1/190-193 + Halaby 1/130-132 Egypt 1382.

271) Al-Tabaghat al-Kobra, Ibn Sa'ad Ketab al-Waqedi 1/156-157 Beirut + Ibn Hesham 1/178-179 Egypt 1375 + Tabari 2/280-281 pr. Mohammad Abal Fazl Ebrahim + al-Kamel 2/24-25 + Halaby 1/147-152.

272) Mousel is an old city in northern Iraq (Mo'jam al-Boldan 5/223-225 Beirut)

273) Naseebain is a flourishing city in Mesopotamia three days travel from Mousel.

274) Amourieh is used for two cities one of them being near Syria.

275) Medina is located between two deserts which used to be volcanic, each of the two being called Horrah.

276) Ibn Hesham vol. 1/214-218 + Dhohaby, "Tarikh al-Islam" vol. 2/51-63 + Al-Ektefa 1/236-244 + Oyoon al-Athar 1/60-65 + Asad al-Ghabah 2/417-419, Dar ash-Sho'ab.

277) Al-Tabaghat Al-Kobra 1/160 Beirut.

278) Emtaa-ul Asmaa: Moqreezi, 46.

279) Ibn Hesham vol. 2/112 + Al-Bedayeh wan-Nehayeh vol. 4/36 + Al-Tabaghat al Kobra vol. 1/501-503 Beirut.

280) Al-Tabaghat al-Kobra vol. 1/159 second pr. Beirut.

281) Al-Tabaghat al-Kobra vol. 1/160, Beirut.

282) The same book translated by Esmael Vali Zadeh 26-27, Tehran 1344.

283) M. Watt: "Mohammad at Mecca". pg. 39-54. Oxford.

284) vol. 1. pg. 513, Kelaasan.

285) In the Arabic translation vol. 3 pg. 396-399.

286) Nahjul Balaghe sermon 190 (Khutba-e-Qasea) English translation by S. Ali Reza.

287) Tafseer al-Imam al-Askary 60-61 + Behar al-Anwar 18/205-206 + Holiyat al-Abrar 1/37-38.

288) Thus they made room for doubt and misgiving regarding the basis for his prophethood for anyone who believes these documents.

289) At the end of this discussion - God Willing - we will give proof of this statement.

290) Tabari "Jame' al-bayaan fi Tafseer al-Quran part 17 pg. 131 onward (Bulagh).

291) Bani Israel: 73.

292) Haj: 52.

293) Tarikh Tabari 2/338.

294) Najm: 26.

295) Tabari "Al-Tafseer" 17/131-132 + Al-Tarikh 2/338-339 second pr. by Mohammad Abul Fazl Ebrahim.

296) Haj: 52.

297) Haj: 53. interpretation of this verse from "Jame al-Bayaan fi Tafseer al-Quran by Tabari 17/134 (Bulagh).

298) Najm: 19-24.

299) Interpretation of this verse from "Jame al-bayaan.......by Tabari 17:134-135 (Bulagh).

300) Tafseer al Durrul Mansour 4/368 (Bulagh).

301) Tafseer al Ghara'eb al Quran. Nayshabouri vol. 16 pg. 110, 1365.

302) Like Mohammad ibn Yousoff Salehy in "Sobolul Huda wal Ershado fi Seerate Khairel Ebaad.

303) Some of the commentators believe all of the verses in this Surah to be Meccan. (Al Mizan 19/25 + Tafseer al Kabir 28/277) while others saw only verse 32 as being Medinan (Majma'ul Bayaan 9/ 170 + 180 + Ketaab al-Tasheel le oloom al Tanzeel 4/75.

304) Najm verses 19-31 Italicized words are translations of the verses, the rest is by the author.

305) Ibn Hesham. 1/315-317, second pr. Egypt 1375 + Al Ektefa 1/313-314.

306) Ibn Hesham, 1/270-271 + Tarikh al Islam 2/90, sec. pr. Egypt.

307) Baghareh: 111.

308) Nisa: 123.

309) Mo'jam alfaaz al-Quran al-Karim, Mo'jam lel-loghatel Arabiyah vol. 2/660 second pr. 1390. Egypt.

310) Qasas: 82.

311) Baghareh: 94.

312) Jummah: 7.

313) Mo'jam al-Alfaaz al-Quran al-Karim 2/659-660.

314) Mo'jam al-Alfaaz al-Quran al-Karim 2/659-660.

315) Anbiya 18 with free translation.

316) Anaam 24+25.

317) Anaam 112.

318) Saba 43.

319) Kahf 6.

320) Anfal: 31.

321) "Furqaan: 5 also see "Anaam: 25 + Nahl: 24 + Mo'meneen: 83 + Nahl: 67 + Ahghaf: 17 +Qalam: 15 + Mutaffin: 13.

322) Nahl 103.

323) Muddasir: 19-27

324) Bagharah 23.

325) Anaam 112.

326) The narrative of Mohammad Ibn Ka'b Qurayzeh and Mohammad Ibn Ghais in Tabari: "Tarikh" 2/340-341, Mohammad Abul Fazl Ebrahim.

327) Bani Israel 73-74.

328) Youseff: 24.

329) Nahl: 98-100.

330) Hijr: 42 + Bani Israel: 65.

331) Sad: 75 + Hijr: 39 in which the same intent is repeated.

332) Fussilat: 42.

333) Hijr: 19.

334) Najm: 2-3.

335) Yunus: 14.

336) Haggah: 44-47.

337) "Taqreeb at-Tahzeeb" 2/203, Cairo + Ibn Hajar: Mashaaheer-e-Ulamael Amsaar pg. 65 num. 436 Cairo + Al Tabaghat al Kobra 5/37-=371 and 7/501 and also Al-Tabaghat le Khaleefate ibn Khayyat.

338) Just as we have seen, Tabari in his Tarikh related these two very narratives and these two narrators ware the first in this series of narrators. Refer to Tabaris Tarikh 2/338-341.

339) Tahzeeb al-kaamel vol. 7 pg. 620 + tahzeeb al-tahzeeb 9/414 + ketaab al-tabaghat le khalifate ibn Khayyat 2/648 + al-jarho wa ta'deel vol. 4 pg. 64 + meezaan al e'tedaal 4/16.

340) al-tabaghat al kobra 7/112-117 + al-tabaghat le khalifa 1/482 + tazkerat ul-hefaaz 1/61 + tahzeeb al-tahzeeb 3/284 + taqreeb al-tahzeeb 1/252 + kholase tahzeeb al-kaamel /101 + tabaghat al-hefaaz /22.

341) al-tabaghat al-kobra 6/256-267 + tahzeeb al-tahzeeb 4/11 + tagreeb al-tahzeeb 1/292 + tazkerat ul hefaaz 1/76 + holiyatul olya 4/272 + al-ma'aaref 445-446 + tabaghat al-hefaaz lelsayooti /31.

342) al-esteeaab 3/933-939 + asad al-ghaabeh 3/290-294 + al-asaabeh 2/322-326 + tazkerat al-hefaaz 1/40 + tabaghat al hefaaz /10.

343) al-ma'aref 457-458 + Habban: Mashaheer ulama'el amsaar /194 no. 1562 + taqreeb al-tahzeeb 2/273 + meezan al-e'tedaal 2/326.

344) Ibn Habban: Mashaheer al-amsaar /65 + no. 434 + tahzeeb al-tahzeeb 12/30 + tazkerat ul-hefaaz 1/63-64 + Kholase tahzeeb al-Kaamel /382.

345) Tabaghat al-hefaaz /24.

346) al-tabaghat al-kobra 5/466-467 + tazkeratul hefaaz 1/92-93 + Tahzeeb al-tahzeeb 10/42 + taqreeb al-tahzeeb 2/229 + Mezzaan al-E'tedaal 3/439-440 + Tabaghat al hefaaz /35-36.

347) Al-tabaghat al Kobra 7/229-231 printed in Beirut + Al-Bedayeh wan nehayeh 9/313-314 + Tahzeeb al- Tahzeeb 8/337 + Taqreeb al-tahzeeb 2/123 + Tazkerat ul Hefaaz 1/122-124 + Tabaghat al- Hefaaz /47-48.

348) Tarikh tabari 2/311-312.

349) Ibn Asir: 2/52-53 (Dar al Ketaab al Araby).

350) Tarikh al-Islam 2/112-113.

351) For a description of him refer to tazkeratul Hefaaz 1/148 + Tabaghat al hefaaz /63 + Shazaarat ul zahab 1/209-210 Beirut.

352) Al-tabaghat le-khaleefate ibn khayyat 2/652-653 + Ma'aref /472 + Tazkerat ul hefaaz 1/108 + al-Jarho wal ta'deel vol. 4 pg. 71 + tahzeeb al-tahzeeb 9/445 + Meezaan al-e'tedaal 4/40 + tabaghat al-Hefaaz /42-43 vol. 1. Cairo.

353) See: al-tabaghat al-Kobra vol. 1/205-206 Beirut.

354) Al-tabaghat le-khalifate ibn Khayyat 2/640 + taqreeb al-tahzeeb 1/255.

355) Meezan al e'tedaal 4/6 no. 8055.

356) Meezan al e'tedaal 4/302-304 + Shazraat al-zahab 2/109-110.

357) Al-Dorrol Mansoor under the tafseer of Ayat "Ma men nabiyyen wala rasoolen ella ezaa tamanna from surah Haj.

358) Al-tabaghat al Kobra 1/130, 154 + Ibn Hesham 1/182 + Wan nehayeh 2/282 + Seerat ul Holiyah 1/132 + Bayhaghi: Dalael ul Nabuwwah 1/311 + Soyooti: al-Khasaes al Kobra 1/209 printed in Egypt 1386.

359) Al tabaghat al Kobra 1/156 + Al-ektefa 1/197 + Oyoon al-asar 1/48 + Al-khasaes al-Kobra 1/227.

360) Tarikh by Yaghoubi 2/17 Najaf.

361) Ibn Hesham 1/264-266 printed in Egypt 1375 + Tarikh al-Islam Zahaby 2/84-85 second print + Tabari 2/322-326 second print + Ibn Asir 2/42-43.

362) Ibn Hesham 2/538-540 +Tabari 3/96-99 + Oyoon al-Asar 2/228-229 + Al-Ektefa 2/398-401 + al-Kaamel 2/193-194.

363) Youseff: 40.

364) A'raff: 71.

365) Najm: 23.

366) Anbiya: 98-99.

367) "Al-Asnaam: Ibn Kolby research by Ahmad Zaky p.19 Cairo 1384, the verses refer to verses 18-22 of Surah Najm.

368) These words were related by Fakhr Razi "Tafseer al Kobra" 23/50 first pr. Egypt.

369) "Al-Mauzaa'aat" Ibn Jozi vol. 1/37-38 first pr. Medina 1386.

370) Refer to the four volumes of Abdullah Ibn Saba and Khamsoon wa Me'ata Sahabi Mokhtalef.

371) Just as we have seen, Tabari related tow narratives by Ibn Eshagh on this topic in his Tarikh.

372) The same book farsy translation by Esmael Vali Zadeh.

373) The same book 76-78.

374) M. Watt: Mohammad at Mecca pg. 104-109.

375) "Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam" 612 pages, New York.

376) "Shorter Encyclpedia of Islam", pages 274-275.

377) "Al-hedayeh" vol. 1/61-65 second pr. 1900 A.D Egypt, under the supervision of American Christian missionaries.

378) We saw that this saying which was attributed to Satan in various narratives was narrated conflictingly.

379) Al-Saffat: 194-195.

380) Anaam: 112.

381) Ahmad ibn Ali Najashy "Ketab al-Rejal" /339-340, Markat Nash Ketab.

382) Ibn Kolys' writings consist of the most accurate historical opinions, since his sayings regarding the history of the Ancient Arabs have been on the most part proven by new finding and researches. Look at: Tarikh al Adab al Araby 3/30-31 + Tarikh Arab 1/495.

383) This encyclopedia which we have mentioned frequently in these discussions, was begun under the supervision of the International association of Academies and with the help of the Royal Academy of Holland. Its' first printing was published in the years 1913-1936 in English, German and French under the supervision of a group of famous Orientalists. In 1953 a condensed version of it was published and the first volume of new printing was published in 1960.